Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island. Collapsed buildings in Port-au-Prince. Executive Summary. In its aftermath, the authors, working with the Haitian Ministry of Public Works developed a comprehensive damage assessment and reconstruction program. By NED POTTER. Suspicion that Nepalese UN peacekeeping forces stationed near the river were the likely source of the outbreak was validated by the leak of a report by a French epidemiologist in December. 2010 Haiti earthquake damage in Port-au-Prince‎ (86 F) Media in category "2010 Haiti earthquake damage" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. Damage and losses from the earthquake were evaluated at $7.9 billion, according to the World Bank, though other estimates are higher. Of these, over one million were left homeless in the immediate aftermath. In terms of magnitude, this earthquake wasn't very remarkable; in fact, there were 17 larger earthquakes in 2010 alone. That's better than the $12 billion produced in 2008. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Figures released by Haitian government officials at the end of March placed the death toll at 222,570 people, though there was significant disagreement over the exact figure, and some estimated that nearly a hundred thousand more had perished. : A magnitude-7.0 earthquake hits Haiti, on the island of Hispaniola, near Léogâne, about 16 miles west of the capital, Port-Au-Prince. Haiti’s Garment Industry: A Lost Cause, or Ready to Change? The decrease was partly due to a Canadian-sponsored program that provided grants to some of the nearly 30,000 residents of the most-conspicuous camp—located near the collapsed presidential palace on the Champs de Mars—which allowed them to find rental housing or repair existing structures. More than 300,000 homes collapsed or were critically damaged. Countries canceled any debt owed to them by Haiti. (a) Summary of the present-day tectonic setting of Hispaniola. 2010 Haiti earthquake, large-scale earthquake that occurred January 12, 2010, on the West Indian island of Hispaniola, comprising the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Most of these donations were made via credit cards. On January 12th, 2010 a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hit a point 15 km southwest of Port-au-Prince, Haiti. The disaster claimed 316,000 lives, left 1.5 million homeless and another 1.5 million injured. Haitians who live abroad and send money back contribute one-fifth of the country’s gross domestic product. According to UNDP, Transparency International (2009), Haiti was … From earthquakes to pandemics, test your knowledge of historical disasters in this quiz. The Haiti earthquake occurred along the southern fault, on the enriquillo-plantain garden fault system, stress has known to be building up within this fault system, when the strain finally grew too large, 48-96 km of the rock along the fault failed and gave way causing a sudden release of energy at a depth of 13km beneath the ground. The Balance uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. The EPG fault system makes up a transform boundary that separates the Gonâve microplate—the fragment of the North American Plate upon which Haiti is situated—from the Caribbean Plate. The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. Over 200,000 lives were lost. The 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the impoverished country late Tuesday afternoon just outside Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s capital. October 2010; Nature Geoscience 3(11):778-782; DOI: 10.1038/ngeo988. That number dropped to about 360,000 by the third anniversary. Conditions were further exacerbated by damage to crops and settlements by tropical weather events, notably Superstorm Sandy in October 2012. On April 21 it was announced that Martelly had won the election with some two-thirds of the vote. January 12, 4:53 pm. Secondary shocks (aftershocks) hit … An aerial view of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 13, 2010, from a U.S. Coast Guard aircraft, following the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that occurred the previous day. Even before the quake, Haiti was the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Further deaths occurred as serious injuries went untreated in the absence of medical staff and supplies. It crippled the main airport, most of the ports, and almost all the paved roads. Haiti's magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck a country whose buildings were barely built to engineering standards and were hopelessly fragile in the grip of such a strong quake. Countless dwellings were reduced to rubble, while hospitals, churches and schools collapsed and roads were blocked with debris. Haiti Earthquake. Tips for Filing an Insurance Claim After an Earthquake, Those IRS Emails May Be a Scam—Here’s How to Know, Estimating the Direct Economic Damage of the Earthquake in Haiti, One of the Most Repeated Facts about Haiti is a Lie. This trade agreement boosted Haiti's apparel industry by allowing duty-free exports to the United States. Many who left the camps merely relocated to outgrowths of the existing slums surrounding Port-au-Prince. The theoretical damage obtained with these functions shows 421. a better agreement with the observed damage in the moderate, extensive and complete 422. states. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/2010-Haiti-earthquake, GlobalSecurity.org - Haiti - 2010 earthquake, Federation of American Scientists - Haiti Earthquake: Crisis and Response. Preliminary!Reconnaissance!Report! Farther south the city of Jacmel also sustained significant damage, and to the west the city of Léogâne, even closer to the epicentre than Port-au-Prince, was essentially leveled. Makeshift camps sprung up to shelter them. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. “Haiti Earthquake Facts and Figures,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. Food became scarce, and cholera started spreading again. 4. The earthquake left a wave of destruction and death. A 2016 report by the organization Doctors Without Borders claimed that cases of cholera had likely been significantly underreported. The quake damaged 294,383 homes and destroyed 106,000 of them. Préval’s term in office was set to end the following year. Given the difficulty of observing documentation procedures in the rush to dispose of the dead, it was considered unlikely that a definitive total would ever be established. Photograph: Ricardo Arduengo/AP It sounded like a tornado, followed by a bomb dropping. Kimberly Amadeo has 20 years of experience in economic analysis and business strategy. In total, the quake-affected 20% of the nation's 10.4 million population. Parliamentary elections were held in August 2015, and a second round, alongside a presidential election, was held in October 2015. “Haiti’s Garment Industry: A Lost Cause, or Ready to Change?” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. On January 12, 2010, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake (Richter scale), which caused devastating damage to its capital, Port-Au-Prince. Books & Ideas. Critics noted, however, that the proposed financial scheme for the project hinged largely on previously promised monies not yet in hand. The Haitian government’s official count was more than 300,000, but other … 2010 Haiti earthquake, one finds a conspicuous band of severe damage along a foothill ridge in the Petionville district, south of central Port-au-Prince (Fig. That would cost $370 million. An aerial view of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, shows the proximity of homes, many damaged in a major earthquake and subsequent aftershocks. The orphans created by these mass mortalities—as well as those whose parents had died prior to the quake—were left vulnerable to abuse and human trafficking. 2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKE H. Kit Miyamoto and Amir SJ Gilani Miyamoto International, Sacramento, CA, USA SUMMARY The Mw 7.0 20101 Haiti Earthquake caused extensive damage. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne and approximately 25 kilometres west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital. The damage to the infrastructure from the earthquake in Haiti was staggering. The quake's closeness made its impact much stronger. A runoff election was held on March 20, 2011, between the top two candidates: popular musician Michel Martelly and Mirlande Manigat, a legal scholar and the wife of a former president of Haiti. The nations capital, Port-au-Prince, a densely populated city located about 15 miles from the quakes epicenter, suffered widespread devastation. The draft of a report commissioned by the U.S. government and made public in May 2011 drastically revised the estimate downward to no more than 85,000. Because the infrastructure of the country’s computer network was largely unaffected, electronic media emerged as a useful mode for connecting those separated by the quake and for coordinating relief efforts. Numerous government structures were heavily damaged or destroyed, including the presidential palace, parliament building and main prison. Occurring at a depth of 8.1 miles (13 km), the temblor was fairly shallow, which increased the degree of shaking at the Earth’s surface. Hundreds of thousands of survivors were displaced. Election observers noted fewer instances of fraud in the runoff, and voter turnout was higher. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. The response actions were limited by the underlying vulnerabilities that existed in the country prior to the event and by a lack of coordination among decision-makers. Scientists say the earthquake's "hypocenter" was only 9 miles down. She writes about the U.S. Economy for The Balance. The Surprising Ways China Affects the U.S. Economy, Canada's Economy Is Why Justin Trudeau Is the New Prime Minister. Trees cover 30% of the country. Colonists cut down trees for sugar and rubber plantations. They harvested mahogany and other precious hardwoods. The 2010 Haiti earthquake caused a great deal of damage to Haiti's structures as thousands of buildings were not strong enough for an earthquake as thousands of them plummeted to the floor. The U.S. Department of Justice asserted that the UN was immune from prosecution in 2014. The general disorder created by the earthquake—combined with the destruction of the country’s electoral headquarters and the death of UN officials working in concert with the Haitian electoral council—prompted Haitian Pres. The initial shock registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was soon followed by two aftershocks of magnitudes 5.9 and 5.5. The 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck the impoverished country late Tuesday afternoon just outside Port-au-Prince, Haiti’s capital. As Haiti is known for being an earthquake area as it lies on a plate boundary, people should structure buildings so that they become more resistant to earthquakes. These fees, known as interchange, generate $45 billion a year in revenue for the companies. Capital One, Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover waived fees for donations to relief efforts. How VISA, Using Fees Behind its Credit Card, Dominates a Market, Haiti Earthquake Science: What Caused the Disaster. Earthquake survivors reaching for water being distributed by U.S. Navy personnel in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, January 16, 2010. Haiti Earthquake Facts, Its Damage, and Effects on the Economy, Natural Disasters Are a Bigger Threat Than Terrorism, How Companies Use the Supply Chain to Get Ahead, How Immigration Effects the Economy and You. The quake displaced 1.5 million people. While the number of camps continued to diminish, more than 62,000 people were still displaced in early 2016. On Jan. 12, 2010, Haiti was struck by a massive earthquake. The Léogâne fault, which cannot be observed at the surface, descends northward at an oblique angle away from the EPG fault system, and many geologists contend that the earthquake resulted from the slippage of rock upward across its plane of fracture. The many Haitians lacking Internet access were able to contribute updates via text messaging on mobile phones. In 2016, Hurricane Matthew set back rebuilding efforts. The announcement came after Ban received a report from a UN adviser who claimed that the epidemic “would not have broken out but for the actions of the United Nations.” In addition, the adviser urged the UN to provide compensation to the victims. The densely populated region around Port-au-Prince, located on the Gulf of Gonâve, was among those most heavily affected. The New York Times. The report cited the absence of cholera in Haiti during the previous decade and the emergence of a parallel outbreak of cholera in Kathmandu, the city from which the troops had departed Nepal. [6] used aerial VHR RGB composite and LiDAR data (also from the RIT-ImageCAT UAS) along with eCognition for object segmentation and damage detection. up, by 2010, a total slip deficit of 1.5 m (0.006 m/year × 250 year). In 2014, Haiti held the title of the most vulnerable country in the Latin American and Caribbean region, according to the United Nations University. Its economy still remains highly sensitive to natural hazards and climate change. In an October 2015 letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, a group of UN human rights experts excoriated the body for using legal loopholes to avoid taking responsibility for the epidemic and thereby undermining its own credibility. Another 300,000 were injured. It drew an outpouring of support from around the … But Haiti's quake was 6.2 miles below the surface. Over 200,000 people died while over 300,000 were injured and over one million more were rendered homeless. On January 12, 2010, Haiti was hit by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake (Richter scale), which caused devastating damage to its capital, Port-Au-Prince. The Haiti earthquake occurred along the southern fault, on the enriquillo-plantain garden fault system, stress has known to be building up within this fault system, when the strain finally grew too large, 48-96 km of the rock along the fault failed and gave way causing a sudden release of energy at a depth of 13km beneath the ground. “The Real Story of Haiti’s Forests,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. !!!!!Reconnaissance!and!Report!partially!supported!by:!The!Pacific!Earthquake!Engineering!Research!Center!(PEER)! Black lines show major active faults. Normally, credit cards charge a 1% to 3% fee for their use. A magnitude-8.0 earthquake had struck the Dominican Republic in 1946. The application of machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to earthquake damage detection is a relatively new area of study. A week after the event, little aid had reached beyond Port-au-Prince; after another week, supplies were being distributed only sporadically to other urban areas. Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port-au-Prince, Petit-Goâve, Léogâne, Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti. It's Good That China's Growth Is Slowing. 2. LiveScience. Geologists initially blamed the earthquake on the movement of the Caribbean tectonic plate eastward along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden (EPG) strike-slip fault system. The downtown core shows the damage after an earthquake measuring 7 plus on the Richter scale rocked Port au Prince Haiti just before 5 pm yesterday, January 12, 2010. These fees cover transaction costs and are charged for all credit card use. The 2010 Haiti earthquake (French: Séisme de 2010 à Haïti; Haitian Creole: Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 M w earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital. The political instability created by the quake resulted in the postponement of municipal and senatorial elections scheduled for 2011 and 2012, respectively. The damaged National Palace in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after the earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010. The earthquake was generated by contractional deformation along the Léogâne fault, a small hidden thrust fault discovered underneath the city of Léogâne. “One of the Most Repeated Facts about Haiti is a Lie,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. Haiti's economy is only one-tenth that of the United States. Feeds from these sites also assisted aid organizations in constructing maps of the areas affected and in determining where to channel resources. The earthquake shrank Haiti's gross domestic product by 5.1%. The earthquake on January 12, 2010 has caused an unprecedented situation in Haiti with enormous repercussions affecting all sectors of society, well beyond the areas directly affected by the catastrophe. It killed 25% of the civil servants living in the capital. About 60% of the city's government buildings and 80% of its schools were damaged or destroyed. Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island. Environmental Migration Portal. The election to choose Préval’s successor as president took place in November 2010 after a 10-month delay. 3. This is the story of what really happened with the earthquake in Haiti. Human Rights Watch. 423. The Haiti earthquake didn't impact the U.S. economy much. On the scientific scale that measures the magnitude (or strength) of an earthquake, the quake scored a magnitude of 7.0 M w.The center of the earthquake was near Léogâne, very close to Port-au-Prince, the capital and largest city of Haiti.It was only about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west. On the scientific scale that measures the magnitude (or strength) of an earthquake, the quake scored a magnitude of 7.0 M w. The center of the earthquake was near Léogâne, very close to Port-au-Prince, the capital and largest city of Haiti. The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. English Map on Haiti about Coordination and Earthquake; published on 12 Jan 2010 by OCHA They were sliding past each other. In addition to smashing buildings and killing more than 200,000 people, Haiti's devastating 12 January earthquake produced two 3-metre tsunamis, scientists announced on 24 February at … The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. The quake was the worst in the region in more than 200 years. Foreword. Also, Haiti must absorb the 250,000 of its citizens returning from the Dominican Republic. “Haiti Earthquake Science: What Caused the Disaster,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. The 2010 Haiti earthquake was a very strong earthquake that hit Haiti on January 12, 2010. Haiti sits above two tectonic plates, the Caribbean Plate and the North American plate. These plates are rigid parts of the Earth's crust that slide separately on the planet’s molten core. Central Intelligence Agency. Disasters Emergency Committee. A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti, killing approximately 250,000 people and displacing another 1.5 million. January 14, 2010, 6:02 PM • 4 min read. 3  It said that the damage could be as much $13.9 billion over time. Authors: S. E. Hough. The epicenter of the Haiti earthquake was near the town of Leogane, approximately 16 miles west of Haiti’s capital, Port-Au-Prince. The city, already beset by a strained and inadequate infrastructure and still recovering from the two tropical storms and two hurricanes of August–September 2008, was ill-equipped to deal with such a disaster. However, allegations of fraud led to demands for a presidential runoff. Subsequent natural disasters, such as Hurricane Matthew in 2016, have drastically set back its recovery. Localized damage caused by topographic amplification during the 2010 M7.0 Haiti earthquake. The Guardian. On January 12th, 2010, a country long devastated by corrupt leadership and extreme poverty was dealt another blow. Haiti’s parliament was dissolved in January 2015, having lost its mandate to govern. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). In November 2011 several organizations filed claims against the United Nations asking that it take responsibility for the outbreak, install new water and waste-management systems, and compensate those who fell ill or lost relatives to cholera. wrecks of the 2010 earthquake - haiti earthquake damage stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. October: A cholera outbreak begins and s… Waiting for treatment, Haitians suffering from cholera symptoms are helped by other residents, St. Marc, Haiti, October 2010. More than 300,000 homes collapsed or were critically damaged. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? 100116-F-1644L-048 (4285831344).jpg 4,256 × 2,832; 3.52 MB. “Haiti Events of 2018,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. A man carrying a child suffering from cholera to a treatment centre in Mirebalais, Haiti, June 2011. The 2010 Haiti earthquake left over a million people without homes, hundreds of thousands of people died, and several hundreds of thousands were injured. Other affected areas of the country—faced with comparable weaknesses—were similarly unprepared. Though adoptions of Haitian children by foreign nationals—particularly in the United States—were expedited, the process was slowed by the efforts of Haitian and foreign authorities to ensure that the children did not have living relatives, as orphanages had often temporarily accommodated the children of the destitute. The capital remained without power for significant stretches during a given day because of stalled work on the electricity grid. Almost a decade after the disastrous 2010 earthquake, Haiti has still not sufficiently recovered. Eighty percent of the population lived below the poverty line. Main article: 2010 Haiti earthquake. The earthquake worsened the situations with a large part of the respondents to the Oxfam survey 2010 blaming the environmental issues for the huge damage incurred during and after the earthquake (Pierre 2010) Conclusion On the wake of January 12, 2010, Haiti was faced by one of the most severe natural tragedies on it is history. The earthquake hit at 4:53 pm some 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. The field study was conducted from January 26 to February 3, 2010, and included investigations in Port-au-Prince and the heavily damaged … This impaired government efforts to restore order. Political instability as also largely contributed to the continued existence of its humanitarian crisis. In consequence, it has hindered Haiti’s social and economic development. Omissions? A poor neighbourhood shows the damage after an earthquake measuring 7 plus on the Richter scale rocked Port au Prince Haiti just before 5 pm yesterday, January 12, 2010. “How VISA, Using Fees Behind its Credit Card, Dominates a Market,” Accessed Dec. 16, 2019. 2010 Haiti earthquake - 2010 Haiti earthquake - Humanitarian aid: Humanitarian aid was promised by numerous organizations—spearheaded by the United Nations and the International Red Cross—and many countries in the region and around the world sent doctors, relief workers, and supplies in the wake of the disaster. It is estimated that 60% of the nation’s administrative and economic infrastructure was lost, and 80% of the schools and more than 50% of the hospitals were destroyed or damaged (GOH 2010). The initial shock of 7.0 Mw caused an astounding death toll: between 217,000 and 230,000 were reported dead by the Haitian government and the official estimate has grown to 316,000. The combination of widespread deforestation and the recent earthquake in Haiti could lead to more landslides in the already hard-hit country, scientists say. The 2010 Haiti earthquake (French: Séisme de 2010 à Haïti; Haitian Creole: Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 M w earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital. This was the toll of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, which struck on 12 January, nine years ago. Hope For Haiti Matt Morris Jeff Buckley In Port-au-Prince the cathedral and the National Palace were both heavily damaged, as were the United Nations headquarters, national penitentiary, and parliament building. Haiti Earthquake PDNA: Assessment of damage, losses, general and sectoral needs Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized. The earthquake struck just as Haiti’s economy was starting to grow again. Really. Fifty-four percent of the population lived in abject poverty. On the scientific scale that measures the magnitude (or strength) of an earthquake, the quake scored a magnitude of 7.0 M w.The center of the earthquake was near Léogâne, very close to Port-au-Prince, the capital and largest city of Haiti.It was only about 25 kilometres (16 mi) west. The Haitian government’s official count was more than 300,000, but other estimates were considerably smaller. You may have experienced the common cold, but do you know what illness caused 20 million deaths in 1918? The collapsed buildings defining the landscape of the disaster area came as a consequence of Haiti’s lack of building codes. The UN asserted in February 2013 that it would not receive compensation claims related to the outbreak, citing its convention on privileges and immunities. 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